Company Registration
Public Limited Company
Raising Public Fund
Stock Market Listing
High Recognition
Limited Liability
Easy to Sell
Eligibility
- • Three directors
- • At least one Indian resident
- • Seven shareholders
Popular
Basic Package
₹14,999 one-time professional fees*
- 3 DIN + 7 DSC
- MOA + AOA
- PF + ESIC
- GST Registration
- 1 RUN Name Approval
- Professional Tax Registration + PAN + TAN
- Bank account opening documentation support
- Commencement of Business Certificate
- Certificate of Incorporation
A Public Limited Company is a limited liability company in which shares are freely transferable between shareholders. It can take debt funds, deposits, and investment in the form of shares from the general public, and can be listed on a stock exchange with any number of shareholders. Shareholders are not liable for business losses beyond what they paid for their shares. Compared to Private Limited Companies, LLPs, and OPCs, Public Limited Companies have far more options to raise funds through angel investors and venture capitalists.
Advantages & Restrictions
Issuing public shares helps raise substantial capital, and Public Limited Companies have greater borrowing power — hedge funds, mutual funds, and individual investors are drawn to public listings, and growth capacity is greater. But strict regulations apply too: shareholders and prospective shareholders must be regularly appraised of the company's financial position, an exhaustive Prospectus must be issued to the public, and transparency in accounting is a prerequisite. Only Public Limited Companies are eligible to list their shares on Indian stock exchanges, and they are typically preferred for government contracts. Every unlisted public company must keep its shares in dematerialised form.
Directors & Shareholders
A Public Limited Company requires a minimum of 3 directors, of which at least one must be a resident Indian, with no maximum limit. A minimum of 7 shareholders is needed to form one. Unlike Private Limited Companies, there is no minimum capital requirement of ₹5,00,000 — this has been omitted.
Conversion
A Private Limited Company, One Person Company, or Limited Liability Partnership can be converted into a Public Limited Company.
Taxation
Income of Public Limited Companies with turnover up to ₹400 crore is taxable at 25% plus 4% Health and Education Cess as per Section 115BA. A surcharge of 7% applies if income is above ₹1 crore but does not exceed ₹10 crore; above ₹10 crore, the surcharge is 12%.
Registration Process
- 1
Name Approval
The name must be unique, avoid names prohibited under the Emblems and Names Act, 1950, and end with "Limited." Reserve it via RUN or SPICe.
- 2
Digital Signature
All subscribers and directors must obtain a Digital Signature Certificate to authenticate filed documents.
- 3
Document Submission
MoA, AoA, declarations, and affidavits are submitted with the registration application to the ROC.
- 4
Certificate of Incorporation
After scrutiny of submitted documents, the ROC issues the Certificate of Incorporation, formally registering the Public Limited Company.
Documents Required
- PAN Card (resident, non-resident, and foreign nationals holding a PAN)
- ID proof — Passport, Driving License, or Voter ID
- Address proof — utility bill, bank statement, or mobile bill (not older than two months)
- No Objection Letter or lease/rent agreement for premises, if not company-owned
- Registered title document, if premises are company-owned
- Passport-size photographs of directors and shareholders
- Post-incorporation: commencement declaration, bank account, registered address, board meeting, auditor appointment, and share certificates — all within specified timelines
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Public Limited Company?
A business establishment that offers its shares to the public — anyone can acquire the stock of a PLC.
How many directors should a Public Limited Company have?
A minimum of 3, of which at least one must be an Indian citizen. There is no maximum.
How many shareholders does it take to form one?
A minimum of 7, with no upper limit.
Can a Public Limited Company be converted into other entities?
Yes — into a Private Limited Company, LLP, One Person Company, Partnership, or Proprietorship.
What is the minimum paid-up capital?
₹5 lakh is the minimum paid-up capital for a Public Limited Company.
Does a Public Limited Company have perpetual existence?
Yes — its existence is unaffected by the death of directors or shareholders, and it continues even through bankruptcy or insolvency.
Is it mandatory to be listed on the stock market?
No, a Public Limited Company need not always be listed.
Can shares be kept in materialised (physical) form?
No, a Public Limited Company must keep its shares in dematerialised form.
Register Public Limited Company
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